Ukrainian Journal of Physical Optics


2025 Volume 26, Issue 2


ISSN 1816-2002 (Online), ISSN 1609-1833 (Print)

EXPLORING QUANTUM WELLS IN OLED TECHNOLOGIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCEMENTS

Liliia Deva, Pavlo Stakhira, Volodymyr Fitio, Ruslana Guminilovych, Tetiana Bulavinets, Mariia Stanitska and Dmytro Volyniuk

Author Information
1Liliia Deva ORCID logo, 1,*Pavlo Stakhira ORCID logo, 1Volodymyr Fitio ORCID logo, 2Ruslana Guminilovych ORCID logo, 1Tetiana Bulavinets ORCID logo, 3,4Mariia Stanitska ORCID logo, 3Dmytro Volyniuk ORCID logo
1Department of Electronic Engineering, Institute of Telecommunications, Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera Street, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
2Department of Physical, Analytical, and General Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera Street, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
3Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Barsausko 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
4Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Universytetska Str. 1, 179000 Lviv, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: pavlo.y.stakhira@lpnu.ua

ABSTRACT

Efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with structurally integrated quantum wells are attracting considerable attention due to their ability to obtain narrow spectral radiation and high radiation efficiency. In particular, there is a tendency to enhance efficiency in such light-emitting devices due to the inclusion in their architecture of phosphorescent metal-organic complexes and materials with an inherent mechanism of thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Due to strong spin-orbit interaction, this approach transforms non-radiating triplet excitons into radiating singlet excitons. In this review, we mainly discuss the mechanisms of electrogenerated exciton localization in potential wells to preserve OLED efficiency with increased emission brightness and reduced exciton leakage channels, report on quantum wells design strategies for OLEDs exhibiting blue, green, red, infrared, and white highly efficient radiation, and provide information on the practical application of quantum well technology in various organic electronics devices. By analyzing recent developments and challenges, this comprehensive review provides insights into the potential of quantum wells to revolutionize OLED innovation and future trends.

Keywords: organic light-emitting diode, quantum well, electroluminescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence

UDC: 535.37; 621.38

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    Ефективні органічні світловипромінювальні діоди (OLED), в конструкції яких структурно інтегровані квантові ями, привертають значну увагу завдяки їхнїй здатності забезпечувати вузьке спектральне випромінювання та високу ефективність. Особливий інтерес викликає підвищення продуктивності таких світловипромінювальних пристроїв через впровадження у їхню архітектуру фосфоресцентних металоорганічних комплексів та матеріалів, яким притаманний механізм термоактивованої довготривалої флуоресценції. Цей підхід, завдяки сильній спін-орбітальній взаємодії, сприяє перетворенню невипромінювальних триплетних екситонів у випромінювальні синглетні екситони. У цьому огляді основна увага приділяється механізмам локалізації електрогенерованих екситонів у потенційних ямах, що дозволяє підвищити ефективність OLED шляхом збільшення яскравості випромінювання та зменшення каналів витоку екситонів через нерадіаційні процеси. Також розглядаються стратегії проєктування квантових ям для OLED, які випромінюють у синьому, зеленому, червоному, інфрачервоному та білому діапазонах. Крім того, у статті наведено аналіз практичного застосування технолії квантових ям у різноманітних пристроях органічної електроніки. Огляд сучасних розробок та існуючих викликів надає всебічне уявлення про потенціал квантових ям у революціонізації OLED-технологій та окреслює майбутні тенденції в цій галузі.

    Ключові слова: органічний світлодіод, квантова яма, електролюмінесценція, термічно активована довготривала флуоресценція

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