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Rhodamine 6G and Au–Pd core–shell nanorods: fluorescence enhancement for detection of mercury

1Ekkachai Rammarat, 2Sasiwimon Kraithong, 3Nantanit Wanichacheva, 4Pattanawit Swanglap, 5Witoon Yindeesuk, 6Pattareeya Damrongsak and 7Kitsakorn Locharoenrat

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of   Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand;
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand; 
3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakornpathom 73000 Thailand; 
4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakornpathom 73000 Thailand; 
5Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand;
6Biomedical Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand; 
7Biomedical Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand; 

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Abstract. We show that hybrid organic–inorganic particles are efficient for accurate sensing of mercury ions and following up trace amounts of the mercury pollutions spread in the environment. The process of synthesis of a working substance starts from preparation of rhodamine 6G derivative. Then the dye molecules are bound on the surface of Au–Pd core–shell nanorods. Mercury ions with different concentrations are finally attached onto this fluorescence sensor. Fluorescence emission of the sensor is detected with a luminescence spectrophotometer. The experimental results demonstrate that the fluorescence intensity of one of our sensors, a sensor B, is remarkably enhanced when the mercury-ion concentration increases from 0 to 15.5 µM. The limit of detection of the ions is as low as 20.6 nM. The working mechanism of our fluorescence sensor can be explained through the fluorescence-energy transfer and the plasmonic effect associated with spirolactam forms of rhodamine and conducting bimetallic nanoparticles.

Keywords: dyes, nanoparticles, mercury, detection limit

PACS: 33.50.Dq, 78.67.Qa
UDC: 535.371
Ukr. J. Phys. Opt. 19: 191-198
doi: 10.3116/16091833/19/4/191/2018
Received: 13.09.2018

Анотація. Показано, що гібридні органічно–неорганічні частинки ефективні для точного визначення іонів ртуті та подальшого відстеження забруднення ртуттю, яка поширена в навколишньому середовищі. Процес синтезу робочої речовини починається з одержання похідної родаміну 6G. Потім молекули барвника зв'язують на поверхні наностержнів Au–Pd типу ядро–оболонка. Надалі іони ртуті з різними концентраціями налипають на даний датчик флуоресценції. Флуоресцентну емісію датчика реєструють люмінесцентним спектрофотометром. Експериментальні результати показують, що інтенсивність флуоресценції одного з наших датчиків – датчика B – помітно посилюється, якщо концентрація ртутних іонів зростає від 0 до 15,5 мкМ. Межа чутливості виявлення цих іонів досягає 20,6 нм. Робочий механізм датчика флуоресценції пояснюється передаванням флуоресцентної енергії та плазмонним ефектом, пов’язаним зі спіролактамними формами родаміну та провідними біметалічними наночастинками.
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